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2020届衡水名师卷信息卷·全国I卷英语2(二)试题答案阅读理解
The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their
ability to resist insecticides(杀虫剂) is evolving rapidly and
spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of
contracting malaria(疟疾).
British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes’ growing
resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and
insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now
threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa.
“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing
public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide
resistance,” said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical
Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust
Sanger Institute.
Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216
million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite(寄生虫), which is transmitted by
blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes. The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016,
and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.
To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers
sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations
across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on
Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for
any species of insect.
Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles
gamblae mosquitoes(冈比亚疟蚊)were extremely genetically
diverse compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity
enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop
insecticide resistance so quickly.
The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide
resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants(变体)within certain genes. The
scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only
emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread
across the continent by mosquito migration.
Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global
health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the
importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.
Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine,
insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by
scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO.2020届衡水名师卷信息卷·全国I卷英语2(二)试题答案